Laboratory Equipments and Instruments

India being the highest milk producer in the world and its higher growth rate compared to many of the developed nations is poised to play a major role in the global dairy market. The changing dimensions in food processing industry call for adopting good manufacturing practices. Consequent to enforcement of food safety and standards Act 2006 and sanitory and phyto-sanitory measures, under the World Trade Order (WTO) agreement the dairy sector have to put in place strict quality control mechanism ensuring international quality standards and hygienic conditions. For this purpose we need analytical instruments which are simple to operate and very sensitive in determining the traces of contaminants. Such as pesticide residues, antibiotic residues and toxins in parts per billion (ppb) levels.The present unit give introductory outlines to some of the equipment and instruments which can be used for proximate analysis, determining physical/ rheological

properties of milk and milk products, may be used in microbiological analysis and some of the very precision instruments like LCMS and GCMS etc which enable the determination of traces of the contaminants and toxicants. Some of the instruments designed to be used for milk and milk products are also discussed.