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Test Methods

Title
Sub-Titles

Testing of Milk
Platform Tests:


Clot on Boiling (COB) Test

Alcohol Test (To determine heat stability of milk)

Determination of Titratable Acidity

Determination of Preservative and Adulterants

Hydrogen Peroxide

Hypochlorites

Formaldehyde (Honnies Test)

Boric Acid and Borates

Maltodextrins

Urea

Neutralizers

Starch

Sugar

Salt

Mineral Oil
                                                                                   
                                                                         Other Tests:
                                                                    
                                                                               Determination of milk fat (Gerber Method)
                                                                               Testing Fat in Homogenized milk
                                                                               Microscopic observation of fat globules size
                                                                          Determination of SNF (Volumetric Method)
                                                                               Determination of Total Solids
                                                                              Phosphatase Test
                                                                              Determination of Ash content in milk
                                                                              Determination of Protein in milk

Testing of Milk Powder

                                                                     Moisture Content by IMA
                                                                     Moisture Content by drying method
                                                                     Titrable Acidity
                                                                     Rosalic Acid Test
                                                                     Scorched Particles
                                                                    Ash Content
                                                                    Insolubility Index
                                                                    Fat Percent (WMP)
                                                                    Fat percent (SMP)
                                                                    Bulk Density
Testing of Butter

                                                                            Determination of Moisture
                                                                            Determination of Curd
                                                                           Determination of Fat
                                                                           Titrable Acidity
                                                                           Analysis of Salt in Table Butter

Testing of Ice Cream

                                                                              Determination of Fat
                                                                              Determination of Protein
                                                                               Titratable Acidity
                                                                               Determination of Total Solids
                                                                               Phosphtase Test
                                                                              Titratable Acidity (Candy Mix)
                                                                               Determination of Total Solids (Candy Mix)


Testing of Paneer
                                                                              Determination of Moisture
                                                                               Determination of Fat
                                                                              Determination of Acidity


Testing of Ghee
                                                                              Determination of Moisture
                                                                             Free Fatty Acids Percent as Oleic Acid
                                                                             Butyro Refractometer Reading
                                                                              RM Test


Testing of Flavoured Milk (UHT Milk)

                                                                                Determination of Fat
                                                                                Determination of Total Solids
                                                                                Determination of Acidity


Testing of Sterilized Cream

                                                                             Determination of Fat
                                                                            Determination of Acidity


Testing of Lassi

                                                                               Determination of Fat
                                                                               Determination of Total Solids
                                                                               Determination of Acidity


Testing of Curd

                                                                                Determination of Fat
                                                                                Determination of Acidity

Testing of Water

                                                                                  Hardness
                                                                                  PH
                                                                                  Sulphite Ions (For Boiler Water)
                                                                                  Phosphate Ions (For boiler water)
                                                                  Residual Chlorine in Water by Tolidine Method
                                                                  Residual Chlorine in Water by Chlorotex Method

Preparation

                                                                           Chemical Solutions/Reagents

PLATFORM TESTS

Clot on Boiling Test :

Apparatus:

Test Tubes, Spirit Lamp

Principle:

To detect in a rapid manner the presence of extent of developed acidity, which might render the milk unsuitable for processing and distribution.

Procedure:

Conduct COB test by taking about 5 ml of milk in a test tube, boil on the flame of a spirit lamp.

Observation:

Formation of clots in the test tube indicates COB positive milk and is unacceptable.

Alcohol Test (To determine heat stability of milk) :

Apparatus:

Test Tubes

Reagents:

80% ethyl alcohol; 60% ethyl alcohol

Principle:

This test is conducted to know the heat stability of milk. It is useful in the manufacture of condensed milk, UHT, Dried and Pasteurized milk. 80% ethyl alcohol is recommended for selection of milk to process under UHT system. For selection of milk to pasteurize, 60% ethyl alcohol is recommended. One of the factors causing heat instability of milk is disturbance in mineral balance.

Procedure:

Take 5 ml of milk in a test tube. Add the desired percent of ethyl alcohol in equal quantity. Shake the contents. Observe for clots.

Observation:

Absence of clots indicate that the milk is suitable for respective heat treatment.

Determination of Titratable Acidity

Apparatus:

Burette, Conical flask (100 ml capacity), Stirring Rods, Pipette (10 ml) & Tilt Measure (1 ml) for indicator.

Reagents:

N/10 NaOH, Phenolphthalein indicator.

Principle:

When freshly drawn, milk contain very low acidity acid contributed by its constituents, namely, carbondioxide, citric acid, albumin, casein and minerals.Later during storage due to bacterial action on lactose acidity increases. Since alkali neutralizes acid the acidity of milk is estimated through titration against standard alkali using phenolphthalein as indicator. Normal acidity of milk range from 0.14% to 0.16%. Lower range (less than 0.12%) indicate neutralization and higher range (more than 0.16%) indicate development of acidity due to bacterial action or mastitis milk.

Procedure:

Take 10 ml milk in 100 ml conical flask, add 10 ml distilled water. Add 1ml phenolphthalein indicator and titrate against N/10 NaOH till a faint pink colour appears to determine the percent lactic acid in milk.( The pink color has to match with rosaniline acetate bench solution.)

Calculation:

Calculate the acidity % as volume of NaOH used X 0.09.

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