Properties of Materials

The basic properties are categorized under chemical, physical and mechanical groups. Chemical properties such as composition of material and structure help in understanding the degree of strength given to material through various heat-treatments. Physical properties help in understanding possible applications, such as,selection on specific weight, thermal conductance of heat, etc. The mechanical properties help in the design and fabrication of equipment.

Strength of material indicates the capacity of material to withstand external force,hence, tensile and compressible stresses. Stiffness and rigidity is a measure to resist deformation. Ductibility is measure of elongation; hardness represents the surface characteristics against scratch.

Material of construction should not react with milk and milk product and should be durable. Usually equipment is constructed with more than one metal or alloy due to requirement of strength, function, economy or hygiene. The materials must meet following conditions as far as possible.

1. Non-toxic, non-flavour imparting and should not affect the keeping quality of the product.

2. Insoluble in the product and non-absorbent quality.

3. Resistant to corrosion.

4. Easy to clean and attractive.

5. Strong and lightweight.

6. Good heat conductor.

7. Low cost and easily available.

8. Easy in manufacturing.