Sub-Station, Transformer, Distribution System and Power Factor

We will study the various sub-stations used for transmission and distribution of electrical energy. Use and working of isolators, circuit breakers,lightning arresters, earth switches, bus-bars, bus-couplers, step-up and step-down transformers etc. we will also be have an exposure about different types of distribution systems used for distribution of electrical energy. This includes the single-phase two wires system, three-phase three wires system and three-phase four wires system, used to transfer and distribute the electrical energy from generating station to the ultimate consumer. Transformers play an important role to transfer and distribute large quantum of electricity and we can step up and step down the voltage with the help of transformer. We will also see the internal construction of transformer and various safety devices used to protect the transformer from increase in temperature and moisture. Power factor is an important factor, which should be monitored for the safe and efficient operation of any electrical installation. In this unit we will study, how power factor effects the efficiency of generating station, transformer and substation etc. Different methods to improve the low power factor by installing static capacitor bank and synchronous condenser (Synchronous motor) will be also discussed in detail.