With increasing population, the demand for fresh water is growing. Contamination of surface and ground water, uneven distribution of water resources, unreliable rain fall are the major factors forcing us to think innovatively to reclaim waste water for reuse. In any planning of wastewater treatment scheme, use of highly treated wastewater for different applications must be evaluated.
Wastewater reclamation is defined as the treatment or processing of wastewater to make it suitable for reuse. The reuse of treated wastewater in the same application from where the wastewater generated is called wastewater recycling. This is more predominant in industries. Wastewater reuse is the actual use of treated wastewater for a beneficial use such as agricultural and landscape irrigation. The wastewater reuse could benefit the society indirectly also in applications such as navigation and groundwater recharge.
The potential applications of wastewater reuses include:
a) Agricultural irrigation for crops and commercial nurseries.
b) Landscape irrigation of public places such as parks, schools, golf courses, green belts.
c) Recycling of industrial wastewaters includes reuse of cooling water and process
d) Groundwater recharge
e) Recreation and environmental uses where treated water is used to augment water in lakes, ponds and streams
f) Nonpotable urban uses such as fire fighting, air conditioning, toilet flushing.
g) Potable reuse which involves blending of treated wastewater in water supply reservoir.
At present, the major applications using treated wastewater are agricultural and landscaping irrigation, reuse of industrial activities and recharge of groundwater.The other applications are not very popular and the volume of reuse is less in these.The major constraint in reuse is that the quality of treated wastewater should always be monitored. The effect of salts and total dissolved solids on crops and soil is a major concern in agricultural and landscape irrigation. This will be accentuated by hot and dry climate where higher evaporation losses and transpiration of water leave more salts deposited. Presence of toxic chemicals and pathogens is another major concerns in almost all reuse applications. In industrial applications fouling,corrosion and biological growth are the problems which need to be tackled.
Wastewater reclamation is defined as the treatment or processing of wastewater to make it suitable for reuse. The reuse of treated wastewater in the same application from where the wastewater generated is called wastewater recycling. This is more predominant in industries. Wastewater reuse is the actual use of treated wastewater for a beneficial use such as agricultural and landscape irrigation. The wastewater reuse could benefit the society indirectly also in applications such as navigation and groundwater recharge.
The potential applications of wastewater reuses include:
a) Agricultural irrigation for crops and commercial nurseries.
b) Landscape irrigation of public places such as parks, schools, golf courses, green belts.
c) Recycling of industrial wastewaters includes reuse of cooling water and process
d) Groundwater recharge
e) Recreation and environmental uses where treated water is used to augment water in lakes, ponds and streams
f) Nonpotable urban uses such as fire fighting, air conditioning, toilet flushing.
g) Potable reuse which involves blending of treated wastewater in water supply reservoir.
At present, the major applications using treated wastewater are agricultural and landscaping irrigation, reuse of industrial activities and recharge of groundwater.The other applications are not very popular and the volume of reuse is less in these.The major constraint in reuse is that the quality of treated wastewater should always be monitored. The effect of salts and total dissolved solids on crops and soil is a major concern in agricultural and landscape irrigation. This will be accentuated by hot and dry climate where higher evaporation losses and transpiration of water leave more salts deposited. Presence of toxic chemicals and pathogens is another major concerns in almost all reuse applications. In industrial applications fouling,corrosion and biological growth are the problems which need to be tackled.
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